The name "Israel" is rooted in the Hebrew Bible, where Jacob is renamed Israel after wrestling with a mysterious adversary.this adversary was "a man", and later "God" according to Genesis 32:24–30; or "the angel of Esau", according to Hosea 12:4 The biblical nation fathered by Jacob was then called "The Children of Israel" or the "Israelites". Citizens of the modern State of Israel are referred to, in English, as "Israelis".
In an interlinear, literal translation of Genesis 32:28, the first mention of the word "Israel" in the Bible reads as follows: "And-he-is-saying not Jacob he-shall-be-said further name-of-you but rather Israel that you-are-upright with Elohim and with mortals and-you-are-prevailing."Genesis. Wikisource (Hebrew). URL accessed June 172006. Thus one literal translation of ישראל, Israel, is "Upright (with) God" (ישר-אל; Ishr-al).