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Johann Sebastian Bach (pronounced ) (21 March 1685 O.S.28 July 1750 N.S.) was a prolific German composer and organist whose sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra and solo instruments drew together the strands of the baroque genre and brought it to its ultimate maturity. Although he introduced no new forms, he enriched the prevailing German style with a robust contrapuntal technique, a control of harmonic and motivic organisation from the smallest to the largest scales, and the adaptation of rhythms and textures from abroad, particularly Italy and France. Many people consider him to be the greatest Baroque composer, and one of the greatest composers of all time. He was one of the leading figures, along with the likes of George Frideric Handel, in the transition from baroque to Classical music.

Revered for their intellectual depth, technical command and artistic beauty, J.S. Bach's works include the Brandenburg concertos, the keyboard suites and partitas, the Mass in B Minor, the St. Matthew Passion, The Musical Offering, The Art of Fugue and a large number of cantatas, of which about 220 survive. An example of some of these stylistic traits appears below, in the chorus Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe from the Christmas Oratorio, written in 1734 during his mature period.

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Bach Family :: Composers
Baroque :: Composers
German :: Europe
Goldberg, Johann Gottlieb :: G
Marpurg, Friedrich Wilhelm :: M
Performers :: Harpsichord
Organists :: Organ
Classical :: Violinists
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A Study of the Texts of J.S. Bach's Motets - Tad Inoue of Japan provides an English version of a research paper dealing with the source material and characteristics of the lyrics with an evaluation of these writings.

Acoustic Illusions: Endlessly Rising Canon - Stefan Scheller demonstrates the illusion of the Shepard Effect using Bach's Canon per Tonus. Includes links, credits, theoretical discussion, and illustration using M. C. Escher.

Bach Bibliography - A comprehensive, searchable catalogue of books, articles, theses, papers and facsimile editions on the works of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Meta Description: [ The searchable catalogue of books, articles, thesis, papers and facsimile editions on the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. ]

Bach Central Station - A large directory of J.S. Bach resources on the internet.
Meta Description: [ A Directory of J.S. Bach Resources on the Internet ]

500 Bach Plucked - The composer's string music, especially lute and guitar, with specialized articles and links to internet resources .

Bach's Leipzig in pictures, 1725-1750 - Contemporary prints of Bach's Leipzig showing familiar scenes and some lesser-known facets of Leipzig city life, institutions and facilities. Of unusual interest is the city's piped fresh water supply.
Meta Description: [ City of Leipzig during Bach's time, beautiful contemporary illustrations of the inner city and surrounding gardens. ]

Bach's Life in Pictures - Color illustrations with captions and music samples documenting the major periods in Bach's life.
Meta Description: [ Color illustrations with captions and music samples documenting the major periods in Bach's life. ]

Bach's Method of Transcription - Study of his compositional ideas using the clavier transcription (BWV 964) of the A minor Sonata for solo violin (BWV 1003). Includes musical notation to illustrate the author's points.

Bach's Notation of Tempo and Early-Music Performance: Some Reconsiderations - Revisitation of the ongoing debate among factions of early music artists attempts to ascertain the more historically correct time signature for the composer's works. Includes endnotes, chart, and links.

Bach's organ works complete BWV listing - Complete BWV listing of Bach's Organ Works with links to CD recordings on Silbermann Organs from the Baroque Music Club.
Meta Description: [ Complete BWV listing of Bach's Organ Works with links to CD recordings on Silbermann Organs from the Baroque Music Club. ]

Bach, Johann Sebastian - Musical biography with early influences, summaries of instrumental talents, professional positions, and compositions, historical significance, and partial list of works from the Grove Concise Dictionary of Music entry at WQXR radio.

Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685 - 1750), Germany - Biographical data, recommended CDs, books and sheet music, bibliography, and links to biographical essays from Dr. Estrella's Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Composers.
Meta Description: [ This page contains basic and accurate biographical information and links to essays about the Baroque composer Bach. ]

Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750) - brief biography, caricature, summaries of his choral and vocal, organ, other keyboard, chamber, orchestral, and concerto output, and Naxos discography.
Meta Description: [ Classical compositions of Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750) and classical hit collection. Johann Sebastian Bach music sheets for your classic music collections available in CD ]

Bach, Mozart, and the Musical Midwife - Speculation preceding examination of known facts about Amadeus transcribing music by Sebastian. Includes looks at other related composers and certain theoretical studies.
Meta Description: [ Schiller Institute- article on Mozart and Baron von Swieten, and the environment in Vienna in 1782-1791 studying the works of JSBAch. ]

Bach-Archiv Leipzig - Our purpose is to collect and examine literary and documentary material about the life, work and history of Johann Sebastian Bach and his family - and to present his work to the public through exhibitions, lectures, guided tours and publications. Site in English and German.

BACHorgan.com - Dedicated to building a community of those who love the Bach's pipe organ music. Includes biography, workshops, tributes, organ schools and purchase information, clip art, jokes, sheet music, recording and book sales, and links.
Meta Description: [ A website dedicated to building a community of people who love the pipe organ music of Johann Sebastian Bach ]

Biography of J.S. Bach - Brief sketch of his life, focusing on his rapidity of composition and technical skills both in playing and maintaining various instruments.

Biography of Johann Sebastian Bach - Detailing personal, professional life, and family life with annotated and rated sheet music offerings from Piano Paradise.

Bist Du bei Mir: BWV 508 - An essay on the controversy over authorship of the religious song Be Thou with Me. Janet I. Wasserman argues that it originates with Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel and was later adapted by Bach.
Meta Description: [ An essay on one of the most famous songs attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach. ]

Classic Cat - Directory of free Bach mp3s made available by the performing artists.
Meta Description: [ Links to free Bach Music on the internet ]

Classical Music Archives: J.S.Bach - Over 1500 complete compositions in MIDI, MP3, and Windows Media audio formats, including live recordings of featured artists. Includes two biographies, time line, download and playing instructions, and links to artist pages.
Meta Description: [ The Classical Music Archives is the largest collection of complete classical music files (MIDI and MP3) on the web. Most composers are represented. A search engine is included. ]

Dave's J.S. Bach Works Catalog - Complete works catalog, directory of internet resources, recommended recordings, MIDI and RealAudio files, images, icons, links, and a monthly quiz and CD giveaway.
Meta Description: [ A Complete J.S. Bach Works Catalog, a Directory of Internet Resources, Recommended Recordings, MIDI Files, RealAudio Files, Images, Icons, Links, and a Monthly Bach Quiz and CD Giveaway. ]

Dorset Bach Cantata Club - Information for amateur singers and orchestral players wishing to join a long-established choir orchestra for weekend study and performance of Bach cantatas and related works.

Early Music Myths - Paul Baker of Diabolus in Musica uses the music of Bach to illustrate perceived problems and solutions to various performance issues, including choir size and instrument choice.
Meta Description: [ Authentic music and merriment for all historical events ]

Emmanuel Music - Founded in 1970 by Craig Smith to perform the complete cycle of over 200 sacred cantatas of J.S. Bach in the liturgical setting for which they were intended. Includes extensive translations and program notes.

Exeter Bach Society - News of Bach concerts in the Cathedral which support its Music Foundation Trust. Includes contact and membership information and an events diary.

404 Glory to God Alone: The Life of J.S. Bach - Glory to God Alone: The Life of J.S. Bach is a video documentary. Filmed on location in Germany, it features Bach scholars Christoph Wolff, Robin Leaver and guitar virtuoso Christopher Parkening.

Grave of Johann Sebastian Bach - Find a Grave details the burial, reburial, and subsequent moving of the composer's remains to Thomaskirche, Leipzig, Germany with portrait of composer and photographs of grave plate and church exterior.

J. S. Bach Texts - Complete vocal works with English translations. Limited permission to copy in programs and program notes.

J. S. Bach: Canons and Fugues - Tim Smith's studies of the composer's life and music, concentrating on the contrapuntal music.
Meta Description: [ Table of Contents page for Tim Smith's study of Bach's Life and Music ]

J. S. Bach: His Predecessors - Gives overview of his influences, including the German and Italian keyboard schools, French polyphony and organ music, as well as mathematics.

J.S. Bach (1685-1750) - Brief chronology, partial list of works with MIDI audio for selected BMV numbers, gallery, and contact information.

J.S. Bach Archive and Bibliography - Biographical information, pictures and the full texts of over forty cantatas.

J.S. Bach Home Page - An extensive biography, tour of Bach's life in Germany, catalog of his works, bibliography, recommended recordings, and links. Award-winning site, maintained by Jan Hanford in North America and Jan Koster in Europe.
Meta Description: [ The complete Johann Sebastian Bach. An extensive biography, tour of Bach's life in Germany, catalog of his works, bibliography, recommended recordings, and other Bach resources on the web. This award-winning site is maintained by Jan Hanford in North Amercia and Jan Koster in Europe. ]

Johann Sebastian Bach - Review of the biography by Malcolm Boyd. Emphasizes the book's strengths, including early influences that triggered his creative outbursts.
Meta Description: [ Johann Sebastian Bach - the biography by Malcolm Boyd ]

Johann Sebastian Bach - Classical music pages article from The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music. Also links to related composers and topics, including cantatas, orchestral music, instrumental music, illustrations, list of works, and bibliography.

Johann Sebastian Bach - Biography emphasizing personality and relationships as well as musical abilities from Decca.

Johann Sebastian Bach - Biography, musicography, links to related composers, and companion resources from the Here Of A Sunday Morning radio program.
Meta Description: [ Biographies of composers of Early Music complementing Here Of A Sunday Morning the radio program ]

Johann Sebastian Bach - Detailed biography and comments on his music from Grove Music plus MIDI audio, illustrations, and links from Kunst der Fuge.
Meta Description: [ Johann Sebastian Bach special pages, contain hundreds of MIDI files, a (very) large biography from Grove, some rare images, an inclusive bibliography, fugue analysis and texts. MIDI submissions are welcome. ]

Johann Sebastian Bach - Detailed biography, covering each period in Bach's life.
Meta Description: [ Johann Sebastian Bach: Biography covers his life from birth to death, all periods and positions especially his last Leipzig period. ]

Johann Sebastian Bach - Wikipedia article covering formative years, professional life and family life, later years, and legacy with BWV commentary, further reading, internal references, external links, and portrait.

Johann Sebastian Bach - Filmography linked to hundreds of films and television shows using his works with biography, trivia, and links from the Internet Movie Database.
Meta Description: [ Johann Sebastian Bach - Filmography, Awards, Biography, Agent, Discussions, Photos, News Articles, Fan Sites ]

Johann Sebastian Bach - Hymn tunes by him or based on his works with MIDI audio and NWC format scores plus portrait. From the Cyberhymnal.
Meta Description: [ Hymn tunes of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) ]

Johann Sebastian Bach - City-by-city musical biography with hymn tunes, cantatas, organ chorales, and bibliography from Hymnuts.

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) - Listing at the Lied and Art Songs Text Page with German lyrics, many having English translations.
Meta Description: [ Free web archive of over 15,000 texts (lyrics) to Lieder and other classical vocal pieces in more than 25 languages. Thousands of translations to English included. ]

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) - Detailed biography of the life of J.S. Bach with links to many of his Cantata scores as Adobe PDF files.
Meta Description: [ This article offers a biography of the great Baroque composer Johann Sebastial Bach. ]

Johann Sebastian BACH Cantata 198: The Trauer Ode. - Mourning Ode on the death of Queen Christiana of Poland/Saxony, 1727. Illustrated history, full text, and music samples.
Meta Description: [ BACH Cantata 198 Trauerode. Illustrated history, full text and music samples. ]

Johann Sebastian Bach's Achievement - Article examining the role the composer's works had in helping to reunite a Europe torn by post-Reformation conflict even as it became the standard upon which almost all subsequent Western music was based.

Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician - Review of the biography by Christoph Wolff details the book's contents and points out highlights.
Meta Description: [ the Johann Sebastian Bach biography by Christoph Wolff ]

mfiles - Johann Sebastian Bach - Biography and music examples in the form of sheet music and sound files.

Music History 102: Johann Sebastian Bach - Biography, illustrations, and Real Audio RAM files from the Internet Public Library. Written by by Robert Sherrane, Cataloging librarian The Juilliard School, New York.

Music of Intellect: Bach's Goldberg Variations - Detailed study of the intellectual and psychological dimensions of one of these works. Includes MIDI audio samples plus pianistic information about Schoenberg, Schumann, and Mari Kumamoto.

Musica Classica: Johann Sebastian Bach - Classical music dictionary entry with life, works, catalogue, illustrations, and MIDI audio files.
Meta Description: [ Musica Classica - Classical Music - Klassische Musik - Karadar Bertoldi Ensemble - Dizionario della Musica Classica - Classical Music - Klassische Musik - Karadar Bertoldi Ensemble ]

On Bach and the Curved Bow - A review of Michael Bach's performance of Bach's solo cello suites (Mode Records) using a curved cello bow which allows him to play chords without arpeggiation. Review considers the significance and historical implications of the curved bow in the performance of Bach's music.
Meta Description: [ A discussion of Michael Bach's use of a curved bow in the performance of J. S. Bach's solo cello suites ]

Oregon Bach Festival - A summer festival held in Eugene, Oregon directed by Helmuth Rilling. Booking information and schedules of concerts and master classes.
Meta Description: [ The Oregon Bach Festival is a summer event in Eugene, Oregon celebrating the music of J. S. Bach, directed by German choral conductor and Bach expert Helmuth Rilling. ]

Riemenschneider Bach Institute - Archive and research institute at Baldwin-Wallace College. Organization, contact, and journal subscription information provided, along with links and festival details.

Rifkin's Pesky Idea - Reprinted article examines the possibility that Bach used one singer per part rather than a larger choir in many of his vocal works.

Schering's Wacky Theory - Joshua Rifkin defends his own ideas on Bach's use of single-voiced choir parts by way of scholar Arnold Schering.

The Bach-Portal - Directory of annotated links. Listing by institutions, departments and societies, general links, catalogue of works and bibliographies, works, related Baroque composers, his world, performance practice, and Baroque instruments.
Meta Description: [ The Bach-Portal presents the best internet-links for J. S. Bach and also features a Bach-Depot, where you can find essays on J. S. Bach ]

The Global Bach Community - An organization devoted to linking and supporting local Bach organizations worldwide.
Meta Description: [ A site devoted to linking and supporting local Bach organizations worldwide. ]

The Industrious Herr Bach - Biography, timeline, quotes, key works, suggested recordings and reading, selected works, and links from Humanities Web.

The London Bach Society - Provides newsletter, details of the annual Bach festival, history of the organisation, database of his works and details of sponsership and membership.
Meta Description: [ The London Bach Society has been bringing Bach's music 'live' to both the devoted follower and curious newcomer for nearly 60 years. Learn more at the official site. ]

The Oboe and the Oboe d'amore in Bach's Church Cantatas - A well documented examination of Bach's possible oboists, as well as the instrument's range and notational problems, covering compositions from Mülhausen to Leipzig.

The Well Tempered Clavier: Music of Sacred Temperament - Exploration of the intellectual and spiritual dimensions of the works involved. Includes MIDI audio samples.

Tradition and Individual Style in the Motets of J. S. Bach - Essay examines how the composer expanded this musical genre within the context of its existing form.

Well-Tempered Clavier - Index summarizing fugue-by-fugue analysis drawing comparisons from visual arts, physics, mathematics, literature and astronomy. Links to scores with digital sound and many resources on the life and works of Bach, designed for a course at Northern Arizona University.
Meta Description: [ Index page to the Well-Tempered Clavier ]

Well-Tempered Clavier: Hypermedia Analysis - Analytical essays and animations by Tim Smith, performance-related essays by David Korevaar, and Korevaar's performances of the music. [Shockwave]
Meta Description: [ Interactive analyses of Bach fugues with complete scores synchronized with digital sound and hyperlinked commentary ]

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