, written as TeX in plain text, is a typesetting system created by Donald Knuth. Together with the
METAFONT language for font description and the Computer Modern typeface, it was designed with two main goals in mind: first, to allow anybody to produce high-quality books using a reasonable amount of effort, and, second, to provide a system that would give the exact same results on all computers, now and in the future. It is free and is popular in academia, especially in the mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering communities. It has largely displaced Unix troff, the other favored formatter, in many Unix installations, which
use both for different purposes.
TeX is generally considered[Claudio Beccari. Typesetting mathematics for science and technology according to ISO31XI. TUGboat, vol. 18 (1), 1997.] to be the best way to typeset complex mathematical formulae but especially in the form of LaTeX and other template packages, is now also being used for many other typesetting tasks.
History
When the first volume of Knuth's
The Art of Computer Programming was published in
1969, it was typeset using
monotype, a technology from the
19th century which produced a "
good classic style" appreciated by Knuth. When the second edition of the second volume was published, in
1976, the whole book had to be typeset again because the Monotype technology had been largely replaced by photographic techniques, and the original fonts were not available anymore.
[Donald E. Knuth. Digital Typography. Commemorative lecture for the Kyoto Prize, Kyoto, 1996. Reprinted as chapter 1 of the book Digital Typography.] However, when Knuth received the
galley proofs of the new book on
30 March 1977, he found them awful.
[Digital Typography, p. 5. "I had spent 15 years writing those books, but if they were going to look awful I didn't want to write any more."] Around that time, Knuth saw for the first time the output of a high-quality digital typesetting system, and became interested in digital typography. The disappointing galley proofs gave him the final motivation to solve the problem at hand once and for all by designing his own typesetting system. On
13 May 1977, he wrote a memo to himself describing the basic features of TeX.
[Donald E. Knuth. TEXDR.AFT, chapter 24 of the book Digital Typography.]
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