(332,950 Earths) (27.9 g)

The sun   $\backslash bigodot$

Observation data
Mean distance from Earth	149.6 km (92.95 mi) (8.31 minutes at the speed of light)
Visual brightness (V)	−26.8m
Absolute magnitude	4.8m
Spectral classification	G2V
Orbital characteristics
Mean distance from Milky Way core	~2.5 km (26,000-28,000 light-years)
Galactic period	2.25-2.50 a
Velocity	217 km/s orbit around the center of the Galaxy, 20 km/s relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	1.392 km (109 Earth diameters)
Circumference	4.373 km (342 Earth diameters)
Oblateness	9
Surface area	6.09 km² (11,900 Earths)
Volume	1.41 km³ (1,300,000 Earths)
Mass	1.9891 kg
Density	1.408 g/cm³
Surface gravity	273.95 m s-2
Escape velocity from the surface	617.54 km/s
Surface temperature	5780 K
Temperature of corona	5 MK
Core temperature	~13.6 MK
Luminosity (Lsol)	3.827 W 3.9 lm or 100 lm/W efficacy
Mean Intensity (Isol)	2.009 W m-2 sr-1
Rotation characteristics
Obliquity	7.25° (to the ecliptic) 67.23° (to the galactic plane)
Right ascension of North pole	286.13° (19 h 4 min 30 s)
Declination of North pole	+63.87° (63°52' North)
Rotation period at equator	25.3800 days (25 d 9 h 7 min 13 s)
Rotation velocity at equator	7174 km/h
Photospheric composition (by mass)
Hydrogen	73.46 %
Helium	24.85 %
Oxygen	0.77 %
Carbon	0.29 %
Iron	0.16 %
Neon	0.12 %
Nitrogen	0.09 %
Silicon	0.07 %
Magnesium	0.05 %
Sulphur	0.04 %

The Sun is the star at the center of our solar system. The Earth and other matter (including other planets, asteroids, meteoroids, comets and dust) orbit the Sun, which by itself accounts for more than 99% of the solar system's mass. Energy from the Sun—in the form of insolation from sunlight—supports almost all life on Earth via photosynthesis, and drives the Earth's climate and weather.

About 74% of the Sun's mass is hydrogen, 25% is helium, and the rest is made up of trace quantities of heavier elements. The Sun is about 4.6 billion years old and is about halfway through its main-sequence evolution, during which nuclear fusion reactions in its core fuse hydrogen into helium. Each second, more than 4 million tonnes of matter are converted into energy within the Sun's core, producing neutrinos and solar radiation. In about 5 billion years, the Sun will evolve into a red giant and then a white dwarf, creating a planetary nebula in the process.

The Sun is a magnetically active star; it supports a strong, changing magnetic field that varies year-to-year and reverses direction about every eleven years. The Sun's magnetic field gives rise to many effects that are collectively called solar activity, including sunspots on the surface of the Sun, solar flares, and variations in the solar wind that carry material through the solar system. The effects of solar activity on Earth include auroras at moderate to high latitudes, and the disruption of radio communications and electric power. Solar activity is thought to have played a large role in the formation and evolution of the solar system, and strongly affects the structure of Earth's outer atmosphere.

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