For information about the economic theory, see Neoclassical economics.

For neoclassicism in architecture, see also Neoclassical architecture.

For neoclassicism in music, see also Neoclassicism (music).

Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. These movements were in effect at various times between the 18th and the 20th centuries. This article addresses what these "neoclassicisms" have in common. What any "neo"-classicism depends on most fundamentally is a consensus about a body of work that has achieved canonic status (illustration, below). These are the "classics." Ideally— and neoclassicism is essentially an art of an ideal— an artist, well-schooled and comfortably familiar with the canon, does not repeat it in lifeless reproductions, but synthesizes the tradition anew in each work. This sets a high standard, clearly; but though a neoclassical artist who fails to achieve it may create works that are inane, vacuous or even mediocre, gaffes of taste and failures of craftsmanship are not commonly neoclassical failings. Novelty, improvisation, self-expression, and blinding inspiration are not neoclassical virtues; neoclassicism exhibits perfect control of an idiom. It does not recreate art forms from the ground up with each new project, as modernism demanded. "Make it new" was the modernist credo of the poet Ezra Pound. Speaking and thinking in English, "neoclassicism" in each art implies a particular canon of "classic" models. We recognize them, even if we struggle against their power: Virgil, Raphael, Nicolas Poussin, Haydn. Other cultures have other canons of classics, however, and a recurring strain of neoclassicism appears to be a natural expression of a culture at a certain moment in its career, a culture that is highly self-aware, that is also confident of its own high mainstream tradition, but at the same time feels the need to regain something that has slipped away: Apollonius of Rhodes is a neoclassic writer; Ming ceramics pay homage to Sung celadon porcelains; Italian 15th century humanists learn to write a "Roman" hand we call italic (a.k.a. Carolingian); Neo-Babylonian culture is a neoclassical revival, and in Persia the "classic" religion of Zoroaster, Zoroastrianism, is revived after centuries, to "re-Persianize" a culture that had fallen away from its own classic Achaemenean past. Within the direct Western tradition, the earliest movement motivated by a neoclassicial inspiration is a Roman style that was first distinguished by the German art historian Friedrich Hauser (Die Neuattische Reliefs Stuttgart 1889), who identified the style-category he called "Neo-Attic" among sculpture produced in later Hellenistic circles during the last century or so BCE and in Imperial Rome; the corpus that Hauser called "Neo-Attic" consists of bas reliefs molded on decorative vessels and plaques, employing a figural and drapery style that looked for its canon of "classic" models to late 5th and early 4th century Athens and Attica.

Neoclassicism in architecture and the visual arts

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Main article: Neoclassical architecture. In the visual arts the European movement called "neoclassicism" began after ca 1765, as a reaction against both the surviving Baroque and Rococo styles, and as a desire to return to the perceived "purity" of the arts of Rome, the more vague perception ("ideal") of Ancient Greek arts (where almost no western artist had actually been) and, to a lesser extent, 16th century Renaissance Classicism.

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Someone give something more boring to study than Neoclassicism, and I'll go down on them.
r0bball (Robert Mackenrodt) Wed, 09 Dec 2009 02:54:28 -0000
Someone give something more boring to study than Neoclassicism, and I'll go down on them.
My eyes are on fire. French neoclassicism isn't helping.
congoblue (Jessica Deal) Tue, 08 Dec 2009 17:35:55 -0000
My eyes are on fire. French neoclassicism isn't helping.
finished neoclassicism now onto romanticism :)
CasioKayleigh (Kayleigh Ritchie) Tue, 08 Dec 2009 17:04:01 -0000
finished neoclassicism now onto romanticism :)
Alfred Marshall and Neoclassicism: Economics Becomes a Science (Unabridged) – Robert Hebert http://bit.ly/66XZwq
IPAStore (IPA Store) Mon, 07 Dec 2009 17:37:22 -0000
Alfred Marshall and Neoclassicism: Economics Becomes a Science (Unabridged) – Robert Hebert http://bit.ly/66XZwq
@realtin The success of the Wedgewood Bently partnership lay in their ability to respond to the taste for neoclassicism. Select and discuss
uh_ohspaghettio (Louise O Sulliavn) Sat, 05 Dec 2009 20:25:32 -0000
@realtin The success of the Wedgewood Bently partnership lay in their ability to respond to the taste for neoclassicism. Select and discuss
@kaliptro I study the neoclassicism and how are structured the historical novels...
ToraShiromaru (Y♠ e ♠ s ♠ i ♠ c ♠ a) Fri, 04 Dec 2009 13:52:06 -0000
@kaliptro I study the neoclassicism and how are structured the historical novels...

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