James Abbott McNeill Whistler (July 14, 1834 – July 17, 1903) was an American-born, British based painter and etcher.
Whistler was born in Lowell, Massachusetts in the United States. His father, George Washington Whistler, was invited to Russia in 1842 to build a railroad and James learned French in school while there. He also attended the United States Military Academy at West Point for several years. His departure from this academy seems to have been due to a failure in a chemistry exam; as he himself put it later: "If silicon were a gas, I would have been a general one day." In European society, he later presented himself as an impoverished Southern aristocrat, although to what extent he truly sympathized with the Southern cause during the American Civil War remains unclear.
He is best known for his nearly black-and-white full-length portrait of his mother, titled Arrangement in Gray and Black: Portrait of the Artist's Mother, but usually referred to as Whistler's Mother. Though American, Whistler lived and worked mainly in Britain and France.
More on [ James McNeill Whistler ]
Art Nouveau :: Periods and Movements
Realism :: Periods and Movements
Whistler, James Abbott McNeill :: Artists

Centre for Whistler Studies - Searchable archive of about 10,000 items of Whistler's correspondence and information about related scholarly activities. From the University of Glasgow.
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CGFA: James Abbott McNeill Whistler - Brief biography and thumbnail graphics.
James Abbott McNeill Whistler - AskART.com's auction results, biographies, images and books pertaining to this artist known for his landscapes and portraits.
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James McNeill Whistler - Review of an exhibit at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
Olga's Gallery: James Abbott McNeill Whistler - Collection of images of his works with biography and historical comments.
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WebMuseum: Whistler, James Abbott McNeill - Brief biography and his two most famous paintings.
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