In the arts, Baroque is both a period and the style that dominated it. The Baroque style used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, and music. The style started around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. In music, the Baroque applies to the final period of dominance of imitative counterpoint, where different voices and instruments echo each other but at different pitches, sometimes inverting the echo, and even reversing thematic material.
The popularity and success of the "Baroque" was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement. The secular aristocracy also saw the dramatic style of Baroque architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and expressing triumphant power and control. Baroque palaces are built around an entrance sequence of courts, anterooms, grand staircases, and reception rooms of sequentially increasing magnificence. In similar profusions of detail, art, music, architecture, and literature inspired each other in the "Baroque" cultural movement as artists explored what they could create from repeated and varied patterns.
The word baroque derives from the ancient Portuguese noun "barroco" which is a pearl that is not round but of unpredictable and elaborate shape. Hence, in informal usage, the word baroque can simply mean that something is "elaborate," with many details, without reference to the Baroque styles of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
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17th-Century Architecture - Images from Prof Jeffery Howe, Boston College, of Rubens' houses and the Church of St Charles Borromeo in Antwerp, Chateau Vaux-le-Vicomte and Versailles, France.
17th-Century Italian Architecture - San Jose State University provides an extensive gallery of expandable images, accessed via pull-down menu and selection from an array. Basic information is given for each.
Baroque Architecture - Images and information on buildings in the Baroque style and their architects, provided by Great Buildings Online.
Meta Description: [ Baroque Architecture in the Great Buildings Online. ]
Baroque Architecture of St. Petersburg - Outline by E. Kalnitskaya, with gallery of expandable photographs of notable buildings. From Little Russia.
Baroque Rome in the Etchings of Giuseppe Vasi - Vasi published 10 books of etchings of the monuments of Rome (1746-61), which can be seen here alongside photographs of the same locations today.
History of Baroque Architecture - Photographs of several notable Baroque churches in Rome. Part of History of Western Architecture from the Leo Masuda Architectonic Research Office.
Itineraries of Baroque Art - Travel Italy provides an illustrated taster of the flamboyant Baroque architecture of Turin, Milan, Genoa, Rome, Naples, Lecce, Palermo and Cagliari.
Renaissance and Baroque Architecture - Collection of expandable images used in a course at the Department of Architectural History, University of Virginia, covering Italy, France and England.
St Paul's Cathedral, London - The official site of the magnificent Baroque church designed by Sir Christopher Wren in 1673. It has an illustrated chronology and 360-degree panoramas that require QuickTime VR.
Triumph of the Baroque, Architecture in Europe: 1600-1750 - A virtual tour of the exhibition at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, United States, 21 May - 9 October 2000.
Meta Description: [ Exhibition feature on architectural models made in Europe between 1600 and 1750 ]
Versailles - Elegant bilingual official site offering history, guided tour via an interactive map, 360-degree panoramas, gallery of masterpieces and visitor information.
Meta Description: [ Chateau de Versailles: galerie des glaces, trianon, salle du jeu de paume, jardins à la française, grandes eaux, musée des carrosses, orangerie, grand trianon, petit trianon, écurie Versailles, chapelle Versailles ]
Wikipedia: Baroque Architecture - An illustrated history and description of the style.
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